History of Prambanan Temple

HISTORY OF PRAMBANAN

Prambanan is a group of temples built by Sanjaya dynasty kings in the IX century. The discovery of writings on the temple Pikatan name raises the notion that this temple was built by Rakai Pikatan who later settled by the Rakai Balitung based on the inscriptions numbered from 856 M "Inscription Siwargrarha" as the manifest political will to strengthen its position as the king who besar.Prasasti Siwargrarha year 856 AD issued by the Rakai luring of unknown origin, are now stored at the National Museum Jakarta.

These inscriptions began to attract attention after J.G. De Casparis managed to decipher and discuss it. According Casparis there are 3 important things in these inscriptions, which are: The language is the oldest examples of framed inscriptions of poetry written in Ancient Java;, containing materials or historical events are very important from the mid-abas to IX M; It poses a description a detailed account of a "cluster of temples", something unique in Javanese epigraphy kuna. From the description above is an interesting historical events and a description of the cluster development of the temple. Historical events in question is a battle between Balaputeradewa of Sailendra family against family Rakai Pikatan of Sanjaya. Balaputeradewa defeated and fled to Sumatra. Rakai Pikatan Consolidation royal family were then being the beginning of a new period of development that need to be formalized with a group of large temples.

The description of the cluster of temples such as that mentioned in the inscription Siwargrarha can be compared with the Prambanan complex, a cluster of temples built fenced wall around its center and surrounded by rows of chapel arranged bersap found only in temples also Prambanan. It tells ancillary same temple in the shape and size.

Another interesting thing is 2 Apit temples, each near the northern entrance of the temple and southern. Statement that regarding cluster located near the river is reminiscent of the cluster with the river Opak Prambanan temple in the western side and if the distance between the river and clusters Opak Prambanan and the possibility of bending deflection of the river flow occurred between the villages of Klurak and Bogem. Thus, it seems that the description contained in the inscription on the cluster of temples Siwargrarha more suited to the circumstances of Prambanan temple.

The occurrence of displacement to the center of Mataram Kingdom of East Java causes the temples in the Prambanan to be not maintained, this condition is getting worse by the earthquake and the eruption of Mount Merapi several times which made the Prambanan temple collapsed and left debris scattered stones. Prambanan Temple was known back when a Dutchman named C.A.Lons visited Java in 1733 and reported on the ruins of the temple is overgrown with shrubs.

First effort to rescue the temples of Prambanan conducted by Ijzerman in 1885 to clean up the chambers of the temple from the ruins of stone. In 1902 began coaching jobs, led by Van Erp for the Shiva temple, Vishnu temple and Brahma temple. Attention to Prambanan temple continues to grow. In year 1933 successfully arranged experiment Brahma and Vishnu temples. After experiencing various barriers to restoration completed by the Indonesian nation, dated December 23, 1953 Shiva temple completely refurbished and officially declared by President Dr. Ir. Sukarno that is all.

Restoration of Prambanan temple in the region continue to be implemented, including the restoration of the temple of Brahma and Vishnu temples. Brahma temple restoration began in 1977 and was completed and inaugurated by Prof. Dr. Haryati Soebandio March 23, 1987. Temple wisnu restored starting in 1982 completed and inaugurated by President Soeharto on April 27, 1991. Subsequent restoration activities carried out on 3 pieces of the temple in front of the temple of Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma with 4 kelir temples and 4 corner temples.

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